Both parties must answer
A peace that holds requires that both parties answer for their conduct, not only one.
Projects
The Sudan Project
Accountability for the Sudanese Armed Forces
Since September 2025, Just Access has been documenting violations and pursuing accountability for crimes committed by the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) in Sudan’s ongoing war. International attention has focused overwhelmingly on the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Yet the SAF is responsible for grave violations of its own, and it has been the party most resistant to negotiation. Our work gives voice to the SAF’s victims and seeks to move the parties toward a negotiated end to the conflict.
Why we focus on the SAF
Accountability cannot be selective.
The RSF’s atrocities are now widely reported and investigated, and rightly so. The SAF’s are not, despite extensive documentation of unlawful airstrikes, arbitrary detention, torture, ethnic profiling, and the obstruction of humanitarian aid.
Pressure toward negotiation
The SAF has resisted negotiation. By raising the legal and reputational cost of its conduct, we aim to build pressure toward a credible, inclusive political settlement.
Victims deserve a voice
Those who fled SAF violence are too often left out of the international conversation. Our documentation puts their testimony on the record.
What we have done
First-hand testimony, legal analysis and submissions.
The Sudan Project is built on first-hand testimony and submissions to international mechanisms.
Field documentation in Uganda
A Just Access team travelled to refugee settlements in Uganda to interview survivors of the conflict now living there, gathering detailed accounts of SAF violations.
First-hand testimony, given with consent
Each statement was provided with the informed consent of the witness for use in accountability and advocacy work. For the safety of those who spoke to us, all identities are withheld and testimonies are held securely.
Legal analysis and submissions
These testimonies form the evidentiary backbone of our submissions to UN calls for inputs, special rapporteurs, treaty and Charter bodies, the UN Fact-Finding Mission for the Sudan, and international justice mechanisms.
Our motivation
Protection, accountability and negotiation.
Protect the individuals
Many who spoke to us remain at risk. Safeguarding them guides everything we publish.
Pursue accountability
A documented, well-argued record can support justice now and in the future.
Move toward negotiation
We want the SAF brought to the table and a durable agreement reached.
The Emergency Response Rooms
Sudan’s legitimate voice
The Emergency Response Rooms (ERRs) are neighbourhood-based mutual aid networks that grew out of the resistance committees behind Sudan’s 2019 revolution. With roughly 26,000 volunteers, they run community kitchens, hospitals and clinics, water distribution, evacuations, and support for survivors of sexual violence, having reached more than 11.5 million people.
26,000volunteers across neighbourhood-based mutual aid networks
11.5m+people reached through community-led support
The legal arguments we are advancing
Innovative legal arguments designed to widen accountability.
Beyond documenting violations, the Sudan Project develops legal arguments designed to strengthen protection for victims and widen the avenues for accountability.
Sudanese tribal communities as “indigenous peoples”
We argue that the tribal communities targeted in this conflict meet the criteria recognised in international law for indigenous and tribal peoples: cultural distinctiveness, self-identification, customary governance, dependence on ancestral land, and a history of marginalisation. This framing brings their persecution within heightened protections owed to indigenous peoples and sharpens evidence of group-targeting relevant to genocide.
“Older age” as a functional, not chronological, category
We argue that the protection owed to older persons should turn on dependency and function, not on a birth-date threshold. Treating dependency as a socially produced condition clarifies the State’s responsibility and the heightened protection these individuals are owed.
The weaponisation of displacement
We argue that displacement in this war is not an incidental by-product of fighting but a deliberate instrument of territorial and demographic control, with decisive consequences for reconstruction and accountability.
The “foreign faces” profiling practice
“Foreign faces” is a term used by Sudanese civil society for a practice of ethnic and geographic profiling. We document this practice and press for its recognition as unlawful discrimination.
Our submissions
Our submissions
The project’s findings are presented to international mechanisms through formal submissions and confidential communications. Further submissions and communications are available on request, subject to confidentiality safeguards. Please contact us if a copy would assist your work.
Published
Published submissions are grouped below by submission title and international mechanism.
Further submissions and communications
Further submissions and communications are available on request, subject to confidentiality safeguards.
Please contact us if a copy would assist your work: contact@just-access.de
Published
Formal submissions presented to international mechanisms.
Corporate Governance, Business and Human Rights
Working Group on Business and Human Rights (UN General Assembly, 81st session).
International humanitarian law challenges for internally displaced persons
Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons.
Violence against mothers
Special Rapporteur on violence against women and girls (Human Rights Council, 62nd session).
The rights of Indigenous Peoples in conflict and post-conflict situations
Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
The human rights of women and children in conflict and post-conflict situations
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights.
The right to development and the rights of minority communities in Sudan
Special Rapporteur on the right to development.
Further submissions and communications
Available on request, subject to confidentiality safeguards.
Reconstruction and the weaponisation of internal displacement in Sudan
Special Rapporteur on the human rights of internally displaced persons (UN General Assembly, 81st session).
Arbitrary deprivation of life of older persons
Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions.
Autonomy, dignity and human rights in situations of dependency in older age
Independent Expert on the enjoyment of all human rights by older persons.
Women and international solidarity
Independent Expert on human rights and international solidarity.
Violence against older women in the armed conflict in Sudan
Special Rapporteur on violence against women and girls.
Continental study on prisons and conditions of detention (secondary data collection)
African Commission’s Special Mechanism on Prisons, Conditions of Detention and Policing in Africa.
Online war propaganda, incitement, hate speech and harm to human rights defenders in Sudan
Call for inputs on the protection of human rights defenders in the digital age.
The impact of unilateral coercive measures on the right to food in Sudan
Special Rapporteur on unilateral coercive measures.
Systemic violence against minorities in Sudan
Secretary-General’s report on the rights of persons belonging to national, ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities.
Discriminatory targeting and gender-based violence in Sudan’s missing-persons crisis
Secretary-General’s report on missing persons.
Historical and contemporary violations of the sexual and reproductive health and rights of indigenous and tribal Arab women in Sudan
Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples (Human Rights Council, 63rd session).
Demarcation, registration and titling of indigenous peoples’ lands, territories and resources
Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples.
A confidential communication concerning an individual human rights defender
Special Rapporteurs on human rights defenders, on violence against women and girls, and on torture.
Denial, negationism and revisionism of serious violations in transitional-justice contexts
Special Rapporteur on truth, justice, reparation and guarantees of non-recurrence.
Alleged SAF violations in and around El Fasher; and attacks on the independence of the judiciary and the legal profession
Independent International Fact-Finding Mission for the Sudan; and Special Rapporteur on the independence of judges and lawyers.
A confidential Article 15 communication to the International Criminal Court concerning the conduct and responsibility of a senior SAF officer
International Criminal Court, Office of the Prosecutor.
Are you a victim of the conflict? We can help.
Just Access provides pro bono legal assistance to victims of human rights abuses. Because the Sudan Project is active, we are especially well placed to assist survivors of the SAF and of the wider Sudan conflict to document what happened to you and to bring your case before international mechanisms.
Your safety comes first. If you can, write from a private device and connection. Share only what you are comfortable sharing in a first message — we will agree a secure channel before you send anything sensitive. We treat all contact in strict confidence.
Support the work
Help Sudan’s victims be heard.
Our legal assistance is provided free of charge. The documentation, analysis and advocacy behind the Sudan Project are sustained by the support of people who believe Sudan’s victims deserve to be heard.
Donate
Your contribution directly sustains our documentation and accountability work.
Press
For interviews or media inquiries, contact us at contact@just-access.de.
Partnerships and inquiries
Researchers, lawyers and organisations working on Sudan are welcome to get in touch about our submissions or potential collaboration.
Project updates
Project updates
This page is updated monthly as new submissions are filed and developments occur. Check back for the latest, or get in touch to be kept informed.
